Single-trigger acceleration vests some or all unvested equity on a single event, usually the company being acquired. Founders sometimes negotiate single trigger because acquirers often replace the team, single trigger ensures the founders are made whole at the acquisition without depending on the acquirer's retention plans.
Acquirers dislike single trigger because it removes retention leverage. It's more common in founder grants than in employee grants, and is often a contested term in late-stage and acquihire negotiations.