Customer validation is the second stage of the Customer Development model. Where discovery confirms the problem, validation confirms the solution: customers commit money, time, or contractual intent in exchange for a specific product. Letters of intent, paid pilots, and signed annual contracts are the canonical proof points.
Validation is the threshold between 'interesting prototype' and 'fundable startup'. Investors at seed and Series A treat paid pilots and renewals as much stronger evidence than user counts or qualitative enthusiasm.