CCPC

TL;DR

Private Canadian corporation controlled by Canadian residents — eligible for the Small Business Deduction (lower CT rate) and SR&ED enhanced 35% credit.

A Canadian-Controlled Private Corporation (CCPC) is a private corporation incorporated in Canada that is not controlled (directly or indirectly) by non-Canadian residents or by public companies. CCPC status unlocks two major incentives: the Small Business Deduction reducing federal CT to 9% on the first C$500k of active business income, and the enhanced SR&ED scheme paying a 35% refundable investment tax credit on the first C$3M of qualifying R&D spend per year.

For founders, maintaining CCPC status is critical until at least Series A — taking US VC money in the wrong structure (e.g. with a US lead taking >50% voting) immediately disqualifies the company from the enhanced SR&ED rate, costing 5–15% of refundable cash. Many Canadian startups carefully structure US-led rounds with two share classes or an investor-rights wrapper to preserve CCPC status.

Worked example

A Toronto SaaS structures its Series A with US-based Lightspeed leading a US$8M round but capping voting power at 49% via class structure — preserving CCPC status, keeping the enhanced 35% refundable SR&ED rate (~C$700k of cash refund on C$2M of R&D spend), and the Small Business Deduction on profits.

Common pitfalls

• Taking a US VC's 51%+ voting stake at Series A and instantly losing CCPC status.
• Failing the 'place of central management' test by having all directors based in the US.
• Outgrowing the C$15M taxable-capital threshold and seeing the Small Business Deduction phase out.

When this shows up in a pitch deck

Canadian seed/Series A decks state 'CCPC status preserved through Series A — full enhanced SR&ED + SBD entitlement' on the corporate-structure slide.

Related terms

• SR&ED — Canada's flagship federal R&D tax credit: 35% refundable for CCPCs (first C$3M of spend), 15% non-refundable otherwise. Often the largest non-dilutive line.
• Stock Option Deduction (Canada) — Canadian Income Tax Act §110(1)(d) deduction excluding 50% of stock-option exercise gains from employment income — capped at C$200k/yr for non-CCPCs.
• BDC — Canada's federal development bank — providing growth-stage loans, venture equity (BDC Capital), and women-/Indigenous-focused funds. Frequent VC anchor LP.
• Flow-Through Shares — Canadian tax instrument letting mining, oil & gas, and clean-energy issuers 'renounce' Canadian Exploration Expense to investors, who deduct it personally.
• ACRA Filing — Mandatory filings every Singapore Pte Ltd lodges with ACRA — incorporation, annual return, financial statements, and changes to directors or capital.

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