Mubadala Investment Company (Abu Dhabi, ~$330B AUM) and Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund (PIF, ~$925B AUM) are the two dominant MENA sovereign wealth funds and have become major LPs in global venture capital, Mubadala backed SoftBank's Vision Fund, anchored Andreessen Horowitz, and runs Mubadala Capital and Mubadala Ventures; PIF anchored Vision Fund 2 with $45B and is the lead LP in many $1B+ growth-stage rounds globally.
For founders, sovereign capital from Mubadala/PIF tends to come at later stages ($30M+ tickets, Series B+), often with regional-presence expectations (open MENA office, hire MENA talent, license technology to Saudi or UAE entities). Both funds have been increasing their direct-investment activity in MENA-headquartered startups, particularly via Sanabil (PIF subsidiary) for early-stage and Mubadala Ventures for tech.