A co-founder is one of multiple founders. Most VCs prefer co-founder teams over solo founders because of risk, complementary skill sets, and the resilience the partnership provides during difficult periods. Common co-founder splits include CEO + CTO, CEO + CTO + COO, or other complementary configurations.
Co-founder agreements should establish equity splits, vesting, decision rights, and exit provisions before there's any reason to argue. The most common cause of early-stage failure is co-founder conflict.